Genetic Diversity and Population Structure of Cedrela odorata L. in Ecuador: Implications for Conservation and Sustainable Management

Spanish cedar (Cedrela odorata L.) is one of the most valuable tropical timber species in the Neotropics. However, overexploitation and habitat loss are increasingly threatening its natural populations, raising concerns about the conservation of its genetic resources. Understanding how genetic diversity is distributed within and among populations is essential for designing effective conservation and sustainable management strategies.

In this study, we evaluated the genetic diversity and population structure of C. odorata in Ecuador using seven microsatellite (SSR) markers. Leaf samples were collected from 150 trees across four populations (n=38, 39, 36 and 37 samples) distributed in different regions of the country. Genetic diversity was estimated for each population, while relationships among populations were explored using multivariate and Bayesian clustering analyses.

The results revealed moderate to high levels of genetic diversity, indicating that wild populations still retain considerable evolutionary potential. Four genetic groups were identified, although some degree of genetic mixing was detected among populations. This pattern may reflect historical gene flow, the movement of reproductive material by humans, or the persistence of ancient genetic lineages.

Our study provides new insights into the genetic diversity of C. odorata in Ecuador and highlights the importance of conserving multiple populations across the species’ distribution range. These findings provide an important scientific basis for future conservation, restoration, and sustainable forest management programs for this economically and ecologically important tree species.