Phylogeny from the section Barbata, the slipper orchids (Cypripedioideae, Orchidaceae), from Eastern Indonesia, nomenclature, and its complexity

Molecular research on the Paphiopedilum section Barbata investigated the monophyly of the section, including a newly described species from Maluku, Indonesia, without an assigned type. DNA molecular information from a nuclear (ITS) and four plastid DNA regions (MatK, ycf1, psaA-ycf3ex3, trnF(GAA)-ndhJ) were utilized to construct phylogenetic trees for verifying the species' taxonomic classification through Parsimony, Maximum Likelihood and Bayesian methods, as well as assessing the monophyly of the section. The majority of sequences were sourced from GenBank, while important supplementary samples were acquired from cultivated specimens. The analysis involved pairwise comparison to examine correlated evolution between traits and to assess pair differences among species. Initial findings indicate a monophyletic section Barbata and validate the uncertain species. A neotype was designated and stored at the Herbarium Bogoriense. Additional research is necessary to assess the conservation status of the most recently described species in the genus Paphiopedilum from Eastern Indonesia.