Taxonomic Spectrum and Bioecological Characteristics of Medicinal Plants of the Asteraceae Family in Nakhchivan

​The conservation of biodiversity and the sustainable utilization of plant resources remain pivotal challenges in modern botanical and pharmacological sciences. The Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic of Azerbaijan, characterized by its unique geomorphology and high endemism, offers a rich floristic heritage. This study evaluates the taxonomic spectrum, ecological dynamics, and ethno-pharmacological value of the Asteraceae Bercht. & J. Presl family across distinct ecological zones of Nakhchivan—ranging from the mid-mountain ecosystems of Shahbuz district (Agbulaq village) to the arid and sub-arid terrains surrounding the Heydar Aliyev Water Reservoir. Field investigations conducted during the 2025–2026 vegetation periods yielded the identification of 20 crucial medicinal plant species distributed across 14 genera. Taxa were authenticated using standard botanical methodologies coupled with the World Flora Online (WFO) nomenclature database. Phytochemical and literature analysis revealed that these species are exceptionally rich in bioactive compounds, including essential oils, flavonoids, inulin, sesquiterpene lactones, and saponins. Notable findings highlight species like Scorzonera latifolia DC., utilized for anti-diabetic and dental applications, and various Artemisia L. and Matricaria L. species possessing potent antimicrobial and sedative properties. The study concludes that anthropogenically pressed ecosystems require immediate monitoring to safeguard these valuable genetic resources. This research provides a crucial framework for the conservation of regional biodiversity and the advancement of applied biotechnology and phytotherapy.