Integrated Water Resources Management Strategies for Resilient Coastal Cities

Coastal cities are increasingly vulnerable to compound water‑related risks arising from climate change, rapid urbanization, sea‑level rise, and growing socio‑economic pressures. These interacting stresses intensify flooding, saltwater intrusion, water scarcity, and ecological degradation, while challenging the capacity of traditional, sector‑based water management approaches. In response, there is a growing need to adopt Integrated Water Resources Management (IWRM) frameworks that promote coordinated planning and enhance long‑term urban resilience. This paper examines how IWRM principles can be applied to strengthen the adaptive capacity of coastal cities exposed to multiple and interdependent water risks. Drawing on a synthesis of international case studies, policy reviews, and systems‑based assessments, the study explores strategies for integrating surface water, groundwater, stormwater, wastewater, and coastal ecosystems within a unified governance and planning structure. Particular attention is given to the role of nature‑based solutions, adaptive and flexible infrastructure, participatory governance arrangements, and data‑driven decision‑making in improving climate resilience. The findings indicate that effective IWRM implementation in coastal environments depends on strong institutional coordination, cross‑sectoral collaboration, and meaningful community engagement, supported by enabling regulatory and financial mechanisms. The paper concludes by proposing a tailored IWRM framework for coastal cities that aligns urban water security objectives with climate adaptation and sustainable development goals. Overall, this research provides practical insights for planners, engineers, and policy‑makers working toward resilient and sustainable coastal urban futures.