BIM-Enabled Material Passports for Building Component Reuse: A Systematic Review of Digital Workflows and Implementation Readiness

Introduction: The transition toward circular construction depends on reliable information about building materials and components throughout their life cycles. Building Information Modeling (BIM) and material passports can support this transition by documenting material characteristics, condition, disassembly requirements, and reuse potential. However, evidence on how these tools have been integrated and implemented in practice remains fragmented.

Methods: A systematic literature review was conducted in accordance with PRISMA 2020. Scopus and Web of Science were searched for English-language, peer-reviewed studies published between 2015 and June 2026 using terms related to BIM, material passports, digital product passports, component reuse, deconstruction, and disassembly. Records were deduplicated and screened using eligibility criteria requiring an explicit BIM–passport connection within the building sector and an application related to material traceability, recovery, or reuse.

Results: The searches identified 82 records. After removing 26 duplicates, 56 unique records were screened, and 16 primary studies met the eligibility criteria. BIM served as the main information environment, while complementary technologies included blockchain in four studies and laser-scanning or as-built data-capture methods in three. Applications addressed new and existing buildings, modular products, structural and enclosure components, deconstruction planning, and material recovery. Thirteen studies moved beyond purely conceptual proposals through case applications, pilot testing, prototype development, tool demonstrations, or expert validation. Recurring barriers included incomplete lifecycle information, inconsistent data structures, interoperability limitations, difficulties updating and verifying records, and unclear stakeholder responsibilities.

Conclusions: BIM-enabled material passports show practical potential to improve material traceability and support building component reuse. Wider implementation requires standardized information requirements, interoperable exchange workflows, reliable procedures for maintaining and verifying data, and stronger validation across real construction projects.