Efficient and eco-friendly mechanical milling preparation of anatase/rutile TiO₂-Glucose composite with energy gap enhancement

In the current study, Anatase/rutile TiO₂ and Anatase/rutile TiO₂@Glucose composites were successfully prepared by a simple method using mechanical technique. The as-prepared composite materials powders were characterized by Powder X-ray diffraction analysis (PXRD), Scanning electronic microscopy (SEM) and Solid-state UV-visible spectroscopy. X-ray patterns showed the fractional phase transformation from TiO₂ anatase to rutile. SEM observations revealed that the particle shape was affected by ball milling process. EDS analysis exhibits quantitatively the elemental composition of Ti and O. UV-Visible spectroscopy confirmed that the bandgap is slightly affected using Tauc.