H1N1 – First 100 Years: Regions of Least Variability in Neuraminidase Gene Sequence

A century has passed since the first global pandemic was brought about by the influenza A (H1N1) virus in 1918. Using the graphical representation and numerical characterization method, a survey of all the H1N1 neuraminidase (NA) gene sequences over the period between 1918 and 2018 shows that certain regions have remained well conserved while others continue to exhibit high variability. Regions of low variability in the NA protein and associated high solvent accessibility identified by our analysis provides an indication of vaccine targeting for longer lifetime applicability. In light of the resistance developed by influenza to antivirals and vaccines, consideration of this analytical study will aid in improving the efficacy of viral treatment.