Optimization of Construction Compositions for Design of Green Building

Human activities cause climate changes which are now recognized by the global community as the greatest environmental threat of the 21st century. The global climate system is being affected by the emission of greenhouse gases, of which the most significant is carbon dioxide. It is known that the building sector represents approximately 40% – 50% of the total energy consumption and production of emissions in developed countries. The buildings can make a marked contribution to energy and carbon conservation during all phases of their lives by sophisticated building design. It is recognized that operational energy analysis has dominated building energy research for many years when compared to embodied energy analysis. However, it has been shown, that the building becomes more operationally energy efficient, the embodied energy to operational energy ratio increases. The embodied energy and emissions are therefore likely to account for an increasingly large proportion of building-related life cycle CO₂ eq. emissions in the future. The importance of embodied energy and CO₂ eq. emissions analysis should therefore not be underestimated when assessing life cycle energy requirements, resource depletion and related environmental impacts. The study presents analyses of significant environmental indicators of different structural solutions of residential building in the paper. The results of analyses show how lower the energy demand and the carbon footprint of building can be reduced by increased use of sustainably sourced timber and nature building materials on vegetable base acting as a long-term carbon store. The environmental quality of the building materials in construction variants was evaluated by methodology LCA. The study was also evaluated thermo-physical data of construction solutions used in residential building for climatic conditions of Slovakia. The construction variants were compared in order to assure positive effect on the energy balance of operation of residential building and results in better passive control of summertime overheating. The aim of multicriterial analysis was to create high energy effective building constructions with minimal value of embodied energy and which act as a carbon store. The environmental and physical comparisons of the building construction variants were calculated in order to optimization of design of green house which is environmental evaluated by partial analyze of LCA at the conclusion of the paper.