Metal-doped copper indium disulfide heterostructure: Environment-friendly Hole-transporting material toward photovoltaic application in organic-inorganic perovskite solar cell

Recently, by increasing global warming, reducing fossil fuels and increasing greenhouse gas emissions, generation of green energy through the development of renewable energy sources to provide the human energy needed is great importance. Generally, among the various sources of renewable energy, such as: solar, wind, natural gas and geothermal, sun energy is the most unique source to green energy in the future due to its abundance, ubiquity, unlimited, eco-friendly, low cost fabrication, clean and easy access. In organic-inorganic perovskite solar cells (PSCs), the CH₃NH₃PbI₃ active layer is sandwiched between the electron-transport layer (ETL) and hole-transporting layer (HTL). The common HTL and in order to are spiro MeOTAD and TiO₂, in sequence, were used. As well as the ETL and HTL systems and play considerable roles in photovoltaic parameters of the PSCs. In this plan, a metal with copper indium disulfide (CIS), to doped through the heterostructure system, were synthesized. And its Application of this heterostructure as the HTL system was investigated in the fabrication of the organic-inorganic PSCs.