Trivalent chromium and male germ cells: current prospects and future trends

The dietary nutritional supplementation of Cr(III)-tris-picolinate, (CrPic), have been globally used for diabetes, body weight and muscular growth. However, its application as a nutritional supplement for humans or animals has always been debatable due to contradictory results in the context of its safety limits. Further, the long-term effects of CrPic on the immunity and the antioxidant system of the treated subjects have still not been properly studied. Long-term use of CrPic may prove to be carcinogenic or clastogenic.

CrPic supplements are valuable for meat and poultry industries, and for fertility improvement. The potential of CrPic to increase levels of certain hormones and improve the body’s antioxidant status, while leaving untouched the secretion of other hormones remains underexplored. Comprehensive studies on the role of this compound will help to establish safety and useful use. Combined with nanoparticles or biomimicking materials this may unleash a significant breakthrough for the treatment of conditions in menopausal and postmenopausal as for diseases also affecting men, as cardiovascular disorders and type 2 diabetes.

This work encompasses a comprehensive analysis of the main benefits and risks of chromium compounds on male germ cells/male fertility. The role of this supplement in steroidogenesis and research pinpointing in vivo changes in testosterone-producing cells, spermatogenesis, and sperm quality will be shown. We will also postulate on their use to maximize male fertility.

Project CICECO-UIDB/50011/2020 & UIDP/50011/2020, by national funds through FCT/MCTES