Water resource management is a critical component of environmental conservation and sustainable development. However, rising worldwide water demand and a significant decline in availability due to a lack of dynamic management and over-extraction have resulted in a complex scenario in terms of water availability. This paper investigates the integration of advanced technologies and innovative governance frameworks to address the complex challenges of water resource management under the pressures of climate change, population growth, and urbanization. Advanced technologies such as remote sensing, IoT-based hydraulic structures, Geographic Information Systems (GISs), and Artificial Intelligence (AI) are revolutionizing water body monitoring and management. These tools enhance predictive capabilities, optimize water use, and inform decision making by providing comprehensive data on water levels, quality, and distribution. Remote sensing offers vast area coverage, while GIS facilitates spatial analysis. AI algorithms extract valuable insights from large datasets, enabling the prediction of trends and patterns. This study focuses on developing sustainable, resilient, and adaptive approaches to water resource management by considering uncertainties and risks. This paper further examines the role of integrated water resource management (IWRM) and effective governance in achieving equitable water allocation and protection. Case studies are presented to illustrate successful implementations of these technologies and policies. Ultimately, this research aims to contribute to the development of holistic water management solutions that ensure water security for future generations.