Cairo is one of the most populous cities in the world. The city’s unplanned urbanization has led to significant challenges, including an increase in Land Surface Temperature (LST), which is defined as the skin temperature of the land. LST is crucial for studies on radiative temperature in this densely populated and rapidly developing metropolitan area. The aim of this research is to analyze the seasonal variations in LST using MODIS Aqua satellite data, which offer a spatial resolution of 1 km and a temporal resolution of twice daily over an extended period from 2003 to 2022. This analysis involves calculating longitudinal and latitudinal temperature differences during both day and night to assess LST variations across different seasons, as well as annually, between the central area defined by coordinates (29˚.89´ to 30˚.15´ N and 31˚.17´ to 32˚ E) and the surrounding regions extending from south to north (29˚.69´ to 30˚.35´ N) and from west to east (30˚.65´ to 31˚.75´ E). Additionally, this study examines the daytime and nighttime averages of the spatial and temporal distributions of LST for each season. The results indicate that, compared to daytime measurements, both the city and its suburbs exhibit a closer alignment with the annual average during nighttime across south-to-north and west-to-east charts. During nighttime, temperature differences suggest that central areas experience higher temperatures than surrounding suburbs; however, conditions differ during daytime measurements when temperature differences indicate that central areas have cooler temperatures compared to neighboring suburbs. The warm seasons—summer, autumn, and spring—show higher temperatures in central Cairo compared to the cold season. The number of LST values peaks in summer rather than in other seasons in Cairo. This research contributes to a broader understanding of LST dynamics and provides valuable insights for policymakers, urban planners, and researchers alike.