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Yield of Sweet Corn as Influenced by Sowing Date, Production Method, and Hybrid
* 1 , 1 , 1 , 2 , 1 , 1 , 1
1  Institute for Vegetable Crops, Karađorđeva 71, 11420 Smederevska Palanka, Serbia
2  University of Bijeljina, Pavlovića put bb, 76300 Bijeljina, Bosnia and Herzegovina
Academic Editor: Lorenzo Negri

Published: 20 October 2025 by MDPI in The 3rd International Online Conference on Agriculture session Crop Production
Abstract:

Sweet corn (Zea mays L. var. saccharata Sturt.) is a valuable vegetable crop, prized for its nutritional value and sweet taste. It is used fresh, canned, or frozen. The research aimed to examine the influence of sowing date, production method (direct sowing versus container production), and hybrid choice on the yield and yield components of sweet corn in open-field conditions. The experiment was conducted in 2024 on a family farm in Bogojevac, near Leskovac, southern Serbia (43°05'38.31" N, 21°96'77.54" E), 225 m above sea level). Two supersweet hybrids, Sweet Nugget and 255 DDST, were tested with two sowing/planting dates (May 18 and June 29, 2024) and two production methods. The distance between strips was 70 cm, the distance between rows in the strip was 50 cm, and the distance between plants was 20 cm. Ear sampling was conducted 22–25 days after fertilization. Data were analyzed using ANOVA (IBM SPSS Statistics v26.0, p<0.05 and p<0.01) and Pearson correlation (Minitab trial version). The results showed that hybrid 255 DDST in container production during the first sowing date achieved the highest average number of rows (14 compared to 12 for direct sowing). Containerized seedling production achieved better results than direct seeding when analyzing ear weight, with the hybrid 255 DDST achieving 221.01 g and the hybrid Sweet Nugget 177.90 g in the first sowing date, compared to 99.44 g and 83.00 g, respectively, in the second sowing date. The total kernel weight was the highest (115.22 g) in hybrid 255 DDST in container production during the first sowing date. The sowing date had the greatest influence on kernel weight. Containerized production, especially on the first sowing date, had a positive impact on yield components, with genotype 255 DDST showing an advantage over Sweet Nugget, providing practical recommendations for sweet corn production planning.

Keywords: sweet corn; sowing date; production method; hybrid; field production
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