Fused deposition modeling is a widely used additive manufacturing technique across the globe. The method has been rapidly adopted by academia and industry for making polymeric material components for various applications. The quality of the produced parts depends on process parameters and the fabrication environment. Key process parameters, such as nozzle temperature, print speed, layer thickness, and build orientation, influence the quality of the manufactured parts. However, waste materials are generated from failed prints, support structures, and end-of-life components. Such material waste production raises concerns regarding resource efficiency as well as environmental sustainability. In this investigation, we use process parameters to find the critical factors involved in the effective management of waste materials for FDM (fused deposition modeling) additive manufacturing (3D printing) applications. We use the most common biodegradable thermoplastic polymer materials, such as polylactic acid (PLA). We also employ acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) and reinforcement-based polymer composite materials. We emphasize the collection, segregation, cleaning, shredding, and re-extrusion of wastes, giving particular attention to their influence on filament quality and printability. The fabrication step is also monitored by an in-built camera to identify any anomalies occurring during the part-making process. The findings demonstrate that tailored parameter sets are essential to mitigate common challenges like poor layer adhesion, warping, and inconsistent extrusion inherent to reprocessed materials. The research shows whether process parameters influence waste material production for a specifically designed material.