Secure multiparty computation (MPC) enables multiple entities to collaboratively compute functions over private inputs without revealing the underlying data. In modern healthcare systems, distributed sensor and actuator networks—comprising wearable devices, implantable sensors, edge gateways, and clinical cloud platforms—require privacy-preserving collaborative analytics to support diagnosis, monitoring, and automated therapeutic decisions. At the same time, the rapid advancement of quantum computing threatens many classical cryptographic foundations underpinning secure medical data exchange and distributed computation.
This systematic literature review (SLR) investigates Post-Quantum and quantum secure multiparty computation protocols ([P]Q-MPC) and evaluates their suitability for deployment in sensor and actuator network environments, particularly in healthcare Internet of Things (IoMT) systems. Twenty primary studies published between 2022 and early 2025 were systematically identified and analyzed. The review categorizes protocols according to cryptographic assumptions, primitives, supported multiparty functionalities, architectural models, threat models, and availability of experimental validation.
The findings reveal a dominant reliance on quantum cryptographic techniques, with widespread use of quantum key distribution and quantum one-time pad encryption. Third-party-assisted architectures are prevalent, reflecting practical deployment models such as edge- or cloud-assisted healthcare
networks. Most protocols focus on foundational functionalities—including private set intersection, summation, maximum/minimum computation, and logical operations—which align closely with typical healthcare sensor network requirements such as distributed aggregation, anomaly detection, and
secure decision triggering. However, scalability analysis and real-world performance evaluation remain limited. This review identifies research gaps and outlines future directions for designing quantumresilient MPC protocols suitable for large-scale healthcare sensor and actuator systems. The results
provide researchers and practitioners with a structured foundation for integrating Post-Quantum and quantum-secure computation into next-generation medical IoT infrastructures.