1. Viral Pathogens: Replication, Pathogenesis, and Antiviral Strategies2. Bacterial Pathogens: Virulence Mechanisms and Resistance3. Parasitic Pathogens: Host Adaptation and Disease Control4. Fungal Pathogens: Pathogenicity and Emerging Threats5. Immunological Responses to Infection: From Innate Immunity to Immunopathology6. Next‑Generation Vaccines and Therapeutics Across Pathogen Kingdoms7. Vector‑Borne and Zoonotic Diseases: Ticks and Beyond8. Epidemiology and Outbreak Analytics for Emerging Infectious Diseases
