Abstract: Some 5-arylalkylidene-2-thioxo-1,3-thiazolidine-4-one derivatives were prepared as potential antimicrobial compounds. General synthetic approach of all newly synthesized compounds is presented. All the discussed rhodanine derivatives were analyzed using the reversed phase high performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) method for the lipophilicity measurement. The procedure was performed under isocratic conditions with methanol as an organic modifier in the mobile phase using end-capped non-polar C18 stationary RP column. In the present study the correlation between RP-HPLC retention parameter log K (the logarithm of capacity factor K) and log P values calculated in various ways is discussed as well as the relationships between the lipophilicity and chemical structure of the studied compounds.