Insulin is a peptide hormone that has a number of physiological functions, and in particular, is involved in the regulation of blood glucose levels. The hormone has been found to affect wound healing by reducing inflammation, regulating oxidative reactions, and increasing collagen deposition. Despite the many benefits of insulin, there is still no topical preparation on the skin on the market. The problem is the lack of stability of this peptide in the wound bed. The presence of proteases in the wound environment deactivates the hormone. Research efforts undertaken in recent years to develop a topical form of insulin have focused on designing an effective carrier to improve the stability of the peptide drug. The aim of this study was to review the literature on the development of a hydrogel formulation of insulin to promote wound healing and to identify the benefits of this carrier. An analysis of papers published between 2000 and 2022 was carried out. Embase, Medline, PubMed, and Cochrane Library databases were used. Keywords used: hydrogel, polymers, insulin, topical, diabetic ulcers, wound healing, chronic wounds. Conference abstracts and non-English language articles were omitted. 12 publications met the search criteria. The literature analysis confirmed that topical insulin administration improves wound healing without significantly affecting the occurrence of side effects. Hydrogels may provide a starting point for developing new or improving the efficacy of designed epidermal forms of insulin. The hydrogels used (poly(vinyl alcohol), chitosan, alginate, Aloe vera, Pluronic F127 carbomer, and keratin) allow efficient delivery of the peptide into the wound environment. We believe that work on insulin preparations should continue, allowing the mechanism of action of this hormone on wounds to be explored and an effective preparation to be developed for clinical use. Hydrogels are a promising direction for insulin carrier development.