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Hydrogen and pumped energy storage impact in hybrid systems for small communities: Marruge case study
1 , * 2 , 2
1  Mechanical Engineer department (DEM), Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal
2  CERIS, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais 1, 1049-001, Lisboa, Portugal
Academic Editor: ATHANASIOS LOUKAS

Abstract:

Remote communities face challenges related to traditional power grids and distribution systems. Centralized generation and long-distance transmission cause energy losses and higher tariffs, and they affect the lifestyle in these villages. Local energy generation based on hybrid renewable sources and storage systems offers a solution. This approach not only reduces losses but is also a solution to the recent wave of negative or no electricity prices on the spot electricity market, as it adds flexibility and reliability to the system. By generating their electricity, communities can reduce their reliance on a centralized grid, mitigating the impact of price volatility. Microgrids that combine renewable energy with storage methods give communities further options. This study is divided into two main parts. The first part is a theoretical study on the integration of energy storage systems, particularly pumped storage power plants and hydrogen storage, in decentralized systems with more than one renewable generation source (hydropower and/or wind power and/or solar energy), detailing the main requirements and the technologies involved. The second part focuses on the application of these systems to an existing energy development plan for Marruge, a small municipality in northern Portugal threatened by desertification. Based on the generation and surplus forecast, two storage systems were dimensioned and optimized through simulations with the WaterGems/Hammer software. The main storage system is a pumped storage system supplemented by a hydrogen storage system. Improvements to the storage system were achieved by integrating a ram pump to increase the pressure in the hydrogen system using a hydropneumatic tank. Compared to a scenario without storage, better adjustment of the demand and supply curves was demonstrated. In the context of a local hydrogen economy, additional benefits for the community could be achieved by extending the payback period and shortening the payback period.

Keywords: Community conservation; Decentralized renewable hubs; Hydrogen storage; Microgrid; Pumped storage
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