This paper investigates the integration of hydropower within Poland's waterenergy nexus, emphasizing its contribution to the country's renewable energy mix and sustainability goals. Introduction: Amidst Poland's energy transition, hydropower presents an opportunity to balance renewable energy production with water management practices. Methods: Utilizing a mixed-methods approach, we analyze data from Poland's energy sector, policy documents, and case studies of hydropower projects. Results: The analysis underscores hydropower's potential to enhance Poland's energy stability, reduce carbon emissions, and support sustainable water management. However, it also identifies barriers such as environmental concerns and regulatory challenges. Conclusions: Hydropower is pivotal in Poland's energy landscape, offering a renewable solution that aligns with both energy security and environmental sustainability objectives. For optimal integration into the national energy strategy, future efforts should focus on innovative technologies to minimize ecological impacts and enhance the efficiency of hydropower systems. This study highlights the necessity for policy frameworks that support the development of hydropower within the water–energy nexus, ensuring Poland's successful transition towards a more sustainable and resilient energy future. For optimal integration into the national energy strategy, future efforts should focus on innovative technologies to minimize ecological impacts and enhance the efficiency of hydropower systems. This requires a collaborative approach involving stakeholders across sectors to address regulatory, environmental, and technological challenges. Additionally, the adoption of advanced hydropower technologies and practices can serve as a model for other countries looking to harness the water–energy nexus for sustainable development.