This study delves into the degradation of various dyes using a visible light-driven heterogeneous semiconductor photocatalyst, with a particular focus on a Bi2WO6/ZnO binary composite material synthesized via a hydrothermal method. The composite's enhanced photosensitivity to visible light, attributed to a reduced band gap, was revealed through thorough characterization using various analytical techniques. The photocatalytic efficiency of the Bi2WO6/ZnO composite was rigorously evaluated by subjecting cationic and anionic dyes to visible light exposure for a duration of 90 minutes.

The kinetic studies conducted demonstrated exceptionally high degradation efficiencies for cationic dyes. Notably, the composite achieved impressive degradation rates, including 99.94% degradation of RhB, 96% degradation of MB, 88% degradation of CV, and a substantial 66% degradation of MG within just 30 minutes. While anionic dyes exhibited slightly lower degradation percentages, the overall efficacy of the Bi2WO6/ZnO composite remained commendable.

Beyond its prowess in dye degradation, the Bi2WO6/ZnO composite exhibited intriguing antimicrobial activity against a spectrum of microorganisms. This included notable inhibition of Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Candida albicans, suggesting its potential application in addressing challenges associated with microbial contamination in addition to its role in environmental remediation.

This research underscores the multifaceted functionality of Bi2WO6/ZnO composites and their promising potential for various applications. By harnessing the power of visible light and innovative semiconductor materials, this study not only contributes to the development of sustainable water treatment strategies but also offers insights into broader environmental remediation efforts. The findings pave the way for the advancement of cleaner and safer environments, marking a significant step forward in the quest for effective solutions to contemporary environmental challenges.