Effect of growth stages on polyphenols and secondary metabolites of haskap leaf varieties

Shakirah Azeez; Lord Abbey; Chijioke Emenike; Marcia English; Chibuike Udenigwe

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PREDICTION AND VALIDATION OF THE SOLUBILITY OF DATE SEED PHYTOSTEROLS USING HYDROPHOBIC NATURAL DEEP EUTECTIC SOLVENTS

Effect of growth stages on polyphenols and secondary metabolites of haskap leaf varieties

Shakirah Omotoke Azeez

^{1, 2},

Lord Abbey

¹,

Chijioke E Emenike

^{*

1},

Marcia English

³,

Chibuike Udenigwe

⁴

¹ Department of Plant, Food, and Environmental Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Dalhousie University
² Department of Food Science and Technology, Federal University of Technology Minna, Nigeria
³ Department of Human Nutrition, Saint Francis Xavier university, Canada
⁴ School of Nutrition Sciences, University of Ottawa, Canada

Academic Editor: Antonello Santini

Published: 25 October 2024 by MDPI in The 5th International Electronic Conference on Foods session Chemistry and Physicochemical Properties of Foods

Abstract:

The haskap plant (Lonicera caerulea L.) produces a high leaf-to-berry ratio yearly. Although the leaves are considered agricultural waste, they can be an inexpensive source of obtaining polyphenols and secondary metabolites, with potential applications in the food industry. The concentration and distribution of polyphenols and metabolites within plants are subject to major factors, including genetics, growths stages and the environment, but little is known about haskap plants. In this study, the effect of growth stages on the concentration of polyphenol and secondary metabolites of underutilized haskap leaf varieties (Ruben, Rebeka and Tola) grown in Nova Scotia was investigated. Thirty young leaves (second from the top) per plant during the stages of leafing, flowering/fruiting and harvesting were plucked with five replicates in a row and ground with liquid nitrogen. The polyphenols and secondary metabolites of the haskap leaf extracts were analyzed using LC-MS/MS and TMIC PRIME plant assays, respectively. Apigenin, p-coumaric and naringenin decreased as the plant growth advanced, while catechin and vanillin increased at the harvesting stage of growth for all three varieties. Up to 50% of secondary metabolite concentrations were used during the flowering/fruiting stage. Malic, oxalic, shikimic and succinic acids decreased from 14.58 to 5.88 µmol/g, 2.22 to 1.76 µmol/g, 3.71 to 2.84 µmol/g and 1.74 to 0.84 µmol/g at the fruiting stage, respectively. They revealed that the leafing stage might be a promising optimum time to harvest haskap leaf to maximize the total concentration of targeted polyphenols and secondary metabolites. This is the first time the effect of haskap growth stages on polyphenol and secondary metabolite concentration in these haskap varieties has been reported. This could serve by bridging the knowledge gap while adding value to the by-product.

Keywords: Haskap leaf; Polyphenol; Secondary metabolites; By-product

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