A gluten-free diet is the mainstay of treatment for people suffering from gluten-related conditions such as coeliac disease or wheat allergy. There is also a growing popularity of the gluten-free diet among people who do not suffer from gluten-related diseases, who attribute to it such benefits as improved well-being or weight reduction. The aim of this study was to assess the knowledge and opinions of Polish consumers regarding gluten-free food. This study was carried out using an original online survey questionnaire. The research group consisted of 345 university students in Warsaw (Poland) aged 18-25 years old (85%). The results obtained indicated that nearly 14% of the students have been in the past or are currently on a gluten-free diet, and more than 47% of the respondents know at least one person following this type of diet. The reason for switching to a gluten-free diet was mainly indicated to be due to health issues. Following a gluten-free diet adversely affects many aspects of daily life for students and their relatives (high cost, limited choice of products in shops and restaurants, lack of understanding from those around them, and inferior taste and composition of products). Respondents' main source of knowledge about gluten-free foods and diets was the Internet (41%), and the most common place to buy the products was a supermarket (51%). The most important factors when purchasing gluten-free products were taste, product composition, and price. In questions testing the knowledge of gluten-free foods, those studying majors related to food science and life sciences were more likely to select the correct answers than students of engineering, medicine, and economics. There is a need to increase students’ awareness of gluten-free food knowledge. The results obtained can provide feedback to producers, retail chains, and food services in terms of meeting consumer expectations.