Fatty esters are highly relevant industrially due to their distinctive olfactory characteristics and wide range of applications, from fragrances and cosmetics to food and biolubricants. Among the synthesis routes, enzymatic esterification stands out as a sustainable alternative to conventional chemical catalysts, offering high selectivity, lower byproduct formation, and mild reaction conditions, in line with the principles of green chemistry. In this study, we investigated the synthesis of phenylethyl fatty esters via enzymatic catalysis using licuri oil (Syagrus coronata), 2-phenylethanol, and lipase from Pseudomonas. The oil composition was characterized by acid catalysis followed by chromatography, while the conversion of the esters formed was confirmed by gas chromatography with a flame ionization detector (GC-FID) and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). In the obtained products, the absence of the hydroxyl band at 3327 cm⁻¹ indicated the consumption of alcohol during the reaction. The shift of the carbonyl band from 1743 cm⁻¹ to 1736 cm⁻¹ suggested the formation of new esters. Additionally, the presence of bands at 1240–1150 cm⁻¹, attributed to C–O stretching, and at 1607 cm⁻¹, related to the aromatic ring of 2-phenylethanol, corroborated the formation of the desired product. GC-FID analysis also confirmed ester formation, reinforcing the consistency of the results. Thus, this study demonstrates the technical feasibility of the enzymatic approach for producing phenylethyl esters from licuri oil, highlighting their industrial potential.

There are several methods to synthesize precursor molecules to develop devices based on organic light emitting diodes. Among them, batch process using thermic energy on liquid phase (TELP) and mechanic energy on solid state (MESS). Last one is known as mecanosynthesis is a method characterized by favoring chemical reactions that require high transition energies. In this study, 9 benzoxazoles, organic heterocycles were synthesized in order to obtain materials with semiconductor and electroluminescent characteristics for the development of organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs) using TELP and MESS techniques. A Pulverisette 7 high-energy planetary ball mill was used with silicon-nitride (Si3N4) and stainless-steel jars and balls. After milling, the solid mixtures were isolated by filtration and washed with methanol (MeOH). Structures were confirmed by 1H NMR (Varian 400 MHz) and FT-IR (PerkinElmer Spectrum 100, ATR). Spectroscopic monitoring and UV observations indicated luminescent product formation at 365 nm (SS), 254 nm (MeOH), and 265 nm (water) solution. Reactions typically reached completion within 0.5–1.5 h, affording yields of 44–95%. Notably, switching from Si3N4 to stainless-steel milling media approximately halved the reaction time. Overall, mechanosynthesis provides an eco-efficient and practical route to electroluminescent materials by minimizing solvent use, shortening reaction times, and delivering yields comparable to or better than those obtained with conventional solution-phase methods.

Inflammation is a protective immune response to stimuli, including infections and injuries, resulting in redness, pain, swelling, and warmth. The transcription factor NF-κB pathway plays a key role by regulating genes involved in inflammation, including those for pro-inflammatory cytokines, adhesion molecules, anti-apoptotic proteins, chemokines and enzymes like COX-2. Cyclooxygenase (COX) and lipoxygenase (LOX) are key inflammatory mediators involved in the arachidonic acid cascade, that produce prostaglandins and leukotrienes, respectively, which contribute to diseases such as arthritis, asthma, inflammatory bowel disease and cancer.

While nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are commonly used to treat inflammation, they can cause side effects like cardiovascular, kidney and gastrointestinal problems. Natural products offer valuable alternatives due to their diverse structures and multi-target effects. Oxazoles, heterocyclic compounds found in natural sources such as sea sponges, show promising anti-inflammatory, anticancer, antimicrobial, antifungal and analgesic properties. Their five-membered ring structure containing nitrogen and oxygen enables interaction with biological targets, making them appealing for drug development, and benzene-fused derivatives often show enhanced biological activity.

Owing to their importance, a series of oxazole-based compounds was synthesized, fully characterized by standard analytical techniques and their potential anti-inflammatory activity was evaluated. The results are relevant and provided valuable insights for future drug design.

The textile industry plays a major role in the global economy, , providing employment and essential materials to multiple sectors. However, it is increasingly pressured to adopt environmentally sustainable practices due to its high consumption of water, energy, and the extensive use of synthetic chemicals that often generate toxic effluents. In this context, the development of dyes from renewable resources is an important strategy. Eugenol (4-allyl-2-methoxyphenol), a natural phenolic compound extracted from clove (Syzygium aromaticum) essential oil, offers an attractive and promising platform for the synthesis of functional azo dyes due to its reactive aromatic structure.

Considering the influence of pH on dyeing processes and subsequent treatments, the present study on eugenol-derived azo dyes began with an investigation of their behavior across a range of pH values using UV-Vis absorption spectroscopy, in order to evaluate their stability and potential pH sensitivity. Subsequently, these dyes were applied to textile substrates by exhaustion dyeing, and their colorimetric properties were analyzed using the CIEL*a*b* system. The washing and light fastness of the dyed fabrics were evaluated in all the experiments conducted.

The results demonstrate good dye-fiber affinity and satisfactory fastness properties, underscoring the potential of eugenol-based azo dyes as sustainable alternatives for textile coloration.

The chemical recycling process of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) was executed through aminolysis employing N,N-Diisopropylethylamine (DIPEA) as the catalytic agent, commencing with the systematic collection and comprehensive purification of discarded PET bottles to remove contaminants and additives. The depolymerization reaction utilized hydrazine as the primary amine source, facilitating the cleavage of ester bonds within the polymer matrix under controlled temperature and pressure conditions. The synthesis of the diamine compound, terephthalohydrazide, was successfully achieved through this catalytic aminolysis pathway, demonstrating high conversion efficiency and product selectivity.

The resulting terephthalohydrazide served as a crucial intermediate and was subsequently utilized for the further synthesis of BIS-1,3,4-Oxadiazole derivatives through a comprehensive methodology rigorously aligned with the fundamental principles of green chemistry, including atom economy, reduced waste generation, and environmentally benign reaction conditions. A diverse series of six distinct products derived from various carboxylic acids employed in the cyclization synthesis of BIS-1,3,4-Oxadiazoles were systematically produced under optimized reaction parameters. These products were meticulously characterized using advanced nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy techniques, including both ¹H and ¹³C NMR analyses, confirming their structural integrity and chemical composition. This sequential approach represents a significant advancement in heterocyclic synthesis methodology , using sustainable pathway to find structural diversity.