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IMPACT OF URBAN GREEN ROOFS ON DOWNSTREAM SYSTEM DESIGN
1, 2 , * 3 , 4, 5
1  1FEUP- Faculdade de Engenharia da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias s/n, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal;
2  CEiiA – Centro de Engenharia e Desenvolvimento, Av. Dom Afonso Henriques, 1825. 4450-017 Matosinhos, Portugal
3  Escola Superior de Biotecnologia - Universidade Católica Portuguesa
4  FEUP- Faculdade de Engenharia da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias s/n, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal;
5  CIIMAR – Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental, Terminal de Cruzeiros de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos s/n, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal
Academic Editor: ATHANASIOS LOUKAS

Abstract:

In last decades, urban population increase led to the displacement of green spaces and natural infiltration areas, with impermeable surfaces, harming the urban water cycle. Furthermore, and due to the increased frequency and intense extreme precipitation events that are happening more frequently due to global climate change effect, traditional urban drainage systems could not effectively manage precipitation-generated surface water in such intense events, straining the city's water drainage infrastructure. In this regard, Green Roofs (GR) have been considered a sustainable engineering solution that can help to minimize drainage systems stress, due to their retention and detention capacity into their multilayer system structure, and therefore decreasing the amount of drained water that runs-off to the pluvial urban drainage network. The present work developed a simulation procedure, encompassing four roofs of different areas (150 m2, 300 m2, 500 m2 and 1000 m2) to assess the impact of the implementation of an extensive GR with expanded clay in its composition (drainage layer and substrate), on downstream drainage systems sizing process. Characteristic runoff coefficients of different types of roof structures and also a runoff coefficient from an experimental GR tested were selected, to determine the rainwater inflow rate to drainage pipes downstream, Q. Simulation results obtained showed that expanded clay extensive GR allows lowest diameters for the drainage system downstream when compared to other roof types, leading to a potential decrease in the costs associated with the drainage network installation.

Keywords: Green Roofs; rainwater retention; Runoff Coefficient; rainwater inflow; drainage system sizing; drainage pipes diameter
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