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LIFE.PTML Model Development Targeting Calmodulin Pathway Proteins
1 , 1 , 1 , 2 , * 1, 3, 4
1  Department of Organic and Inorganic Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, 48940, Leioa, Spain.
2  Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Tulane University, 6823 St Charles Avenue, New Orleans, LA 70118, USA
3  Biofisika Institute, CSIC-UPV/EHU, 48940 Leioa, Spain
4  IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, 48011 Bilbao, Spain
Academic Editor: Julio A. Seijas

https://doi.org/10.3390/ecsoc-29-26890 (registering DOI)
Abstract:

Developing predictive models for drug efficacy is challenged by the complexity and heterogeneity of bioassay data. Here, we present LIFE.PTML, a methodology integrating drug Lifecycle (L), Information Fusion (IF), Encoding (E), Perturbation Theory (PT), and Machine Learning (ML), to predict compound activity across diverse experimental conditions. Using a dataset of 3748 molecule-assay combinations targeting calmodulin (CaM) and related proteins, LIFE.PTML combines chemical and protein descriptors, quantifies experimental variability via perturbation operators, and trains non-linear classifiers, including XGBoost and Gradient Boosting. XGBoost achieved the best performance, with 88.9% test accuracy and ROC AUC of 0.959, while feature importance analysis highlighted contributions from both drug- and protein-level descriptors. The results demonstrate that LIFE.PTML provides a robust, flexible, and interpretable framework for predictive chemoinformatics, facilitating the integration of multi-source data for drug discovery applications.

Keywords: drug discovery; calmodulin; chemoinformatics; machine learning; LIFE.PTML
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