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PLANT-DERIVED PEPTIDES RUBISCOLIN-6, SOYMORPHIN-6 AND THEIR C-TERMINAL AMIDE DERIVATIVES: PHARMACOKINETIC PROPERTIES AND BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITY
* 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 6 , 2 , 7 , 8
1  Department of Pharmacy, University of Chieti-Pescara “G. d’Annunzio”, Via dei Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy.
2  Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples “Federico II”, Via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy.
3  Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Centro Nazionale Ricerca e Valutazione Preclinica e Clinica dei Farmaci, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161, Rome, Italy.
4  3Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Centro Nazionale Ricerca e Valutazione Preclinica e Clinica dei Farmaci, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161, Rome, Italy.
5  Department of Biology, Science Faculty, Selcuk University, Konya, Turkey.
6  Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Pharmacology, University of Ferrara.
7  Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, "G. d'Annunzio" University Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy
8  Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università di Chieti-Pescara “G. d’Annunzio”, Via dei Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy.
Academic Editor: Joana Amaral

Abstract:

The aim of this work is to investigate the pharmacokinetic properties, antinociceptive and antioxidant activities of rubiscolin-6, soymorphin-6 and their C-terminal amides. Rubiscolin-6 and soymorphin-6 are two exhorphins derived from spinach and soybean respectively. The four peptides were synthesized following Fmoc-SPPS strategy to give the final peptides in excellent overall yields and purity following analytical RP-HPLC analysis. None of them shows antioxidant activity and a-tyrosinase inhibition in vitro. All compounds are able to activate G-protein coupled receptor at the d-opioid receptor (DOR) at 100 mM concentration however, rubiscolin-6-amide exhibits significative antinociceptive effect after i.c.v. administration in the tail flick test (TF) and s.c. administration in the formalin test (FT). Rubiscolin-6 shows the best in vitro intestinal bioavailability in CaCo2 cell monolayer and stability to the brush border exopeptidases in the apical compartment. In silico experiments show the interaction of rubiscolin-6 and rubiscolin-6 amide at the binding cavity of DOR compared with the crystallographic ligand TIPP-NH2.

Keywords: rubiscolin; peptides; GIT; absorption; elimination
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