The development of advanced compositions that combine high stability and tunable activity is a forefront trend in modern interdisciplinary science. This important scientific problem is solved by the formation of plasmonic nanostructures embedded in the structure of the adaptive organic matrix of natural polysaccharides. This makes it possible to obtain unique materials with the possibility of optimization for specific tasks both at the stage of synthesis and when used due to the excitation of plasmon resonance of inorganic architecture by external light. We report the results of the study of physicochemical and structural features of composites depending on trigger factors (i.e. pH), the change of which leads to conformational transformations of macromolecules. Considering a nanocoposite as molecular nanobot, - “…autonomic preprogrammed structure of atomic level…”, opens the way to design an adaptive natural nanomachine, the properties of which can be controlled by external influences.