Pakistan depends heavily on the Indus River Basin System (IRBS). The IRBS is essential for meeting the great majority of Pakistan's agricultural and home consumption requirements. The Indus River is responsible for over 90% of Pakistan's agricultural output and accounts for 25% of the country's GDP. Because of the problems with the water supply, Pakistan may soon face serious food scarcity. By 2025, the water deficit is expected to reach 32%, according to the World Bank's 2020-2021 study, leading to a food deficit of about 70 million tonnes. Due to the fact that river sharing has historically been a contentious issue in Pakistan, a lack of water resources may potentially lead to conflict between the country's many provinces. Recent predictions suggest that by 2025, the water storage capacity would be reduced by over 30% due to siltation and climate change. Pakistan has a very low per capita water storage capacity, at about 150 m³. As a result of decreasing surface water supplies and rising groundwater abstraction, the viability of irrigated agriculture may soon be threatened. To make things worse, the successive federal administrations of Pakistan have been unable to create a unified inter-provincial National Water Policy, leading to decades of growing mistrust among the country's provinces over the problem of water distribution. Corruption in administrative positions is endemic in the water industry, adding to the problems of scarcity and rising demand. Small and medium-sized capitalist farmers stand to gain from this water reallocation scheme just as much as the rural elite, such as wealthy and politically powerful landowners. These challenges associated with dwindling water supplies have the potential to spark major political and economic enmity amongst provinces if they aren't handled. In order to maximize its potential for increased storage, Pakistan has to enhance its water-use efficiency and implement sustainable strategies for managing its groundwater and surface water resources. The crucial aspects in keeping irrigated agriculture viable in the Indus Basin are developing the infrastructure and eliminating distrust among the provinces.