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Functionalized 2D Germanene and its derivatives for electrochemical detection of gut-derived metabolites in human serum
1 , 2 , * 3
1  Division of Chemistry & Biological Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371, Singapore
2  Department of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technicka´5, 166 28 Prague 6, Czech Republic
3  Division of Chemistry & Biological Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371, Singapore
Academic Editor: Nicole Jaffrezic-Renault

Abstract:

In this work, germanene and its derivatives (Ge-H, Ge-CH3, Ge-C3-CN) were explored as competitive immunoassays for the direct detection of gut-derived metabolites, kynurenic acid (KA) and quinolinic acid (QA) using disposable screen-printed carbon electrodes via impedance. The competition occurs between the free KA/QA standards and the BSA-conjugated antigens for a fixed amount of primary antibody binding sites. As a result, this affects the charge transfer resistance (Rct) of the [Fe(CN)6]3-/4- redox couple at the electrode surface. Hence, the impedimetric signal measured due to the change in Rct will be correlated to the KA and QA presence and concentration.

Keywords: 2D layered nanomaterials; Biosensor; Gut-derived metabolites; Electrochemistry; Electrochemical sensor, Germanene; Competitive immunosensor; Impedance; Kynurenic acid; Quinolinic acid
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