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Influence of the ENSO event on the behavior of rainfall associated with tropical waves during the period 2012-2020 in Cuba.
1  National Center of Forecasts of the Institute of Meteorology of Cuba
Academic Editor: Tomeu Rigo

https://doi.org/10.3390/ecas2023-15479 (registering DOI)
Abstract:

Cuba presents two well-marked periods in the year, the dry one (November-April) and the rainy one (May-October); the latter is part of the tropical wave season. Among the main characteristics of these systems are wavelengths between 2000-2500 km, propagation speed between 20-40 km/h and period in the range of 3 to 4 days. As they pass, they cause changes in the weather, mainly in the rainfall regime, as well as being, in some cases, precursors of tropical cyclones in the North Atlantic and in the Caribbean Sea. Regarding the variability in its quantity and intensity, recent studies suggest that it could be related to the El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) event. For this reason, the present investigation has as general objective to examine the behavior of the precipitation associated with the transit of tropical waves through Cuba during the years 2012-2020 for different phases of the ENSO (El Niño and La Niña). In order to obtain the information on the rainfall associated with the waves, the data from the meteorological stations belonging to the Institute of Meteorology of Cuba and the network of rain gauges of the National Institute of Hydraulic Resources were consulted on the dates that coincide with the passage of these systems for the country. In addition, the annual behavior of the ENSO based on the Southern Oscillation Index (ONI) was analyzed. To determine the years of greatest influence and their graphic representation, the Microsoft Excel 2019 program was used. The results showed that during the Neutral and La Niña years there are few differences in the number of cases with intense rainfall associated with waves. On the contrary, the results reveal a decrease in rainfall in the El Niño phase.

Keywords: tropical wave; El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO); heavy rain

 
 
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