Mycobacterium tuberculosis is an ancient pathogen that has been persistent due to its complex survival strategies in the living host and the environment. It has developed a repertoire of culture filtrate antigens that changes as the disease progresses. These antigens are recognized by specific antibodies that are used for assay development. Electrochemical immunosensors have been developed based on the strong affinity and specificity between an antibody and its target antigen. In this study, an electrochemical immunosensor for detection of the 19 kDa Mycobacterium tuberculosis lipoprotein LpqH was developed using monoclonal antibody immobilized on chitosan-coated iron oxide (Fe3O4) bio-composite. The bio-composite is composed of magnetic iron oxide at its core and a non-magnetic thin film on the surface formed by chitosan, providing the chemistry for monoclonal antibody immobilization. Aside from its magnetic properties, iron oxide is a viable electronic source and shows electrocatalytic traits. Cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy were used to characterize and test the immunosensor. Electrochemical measurements showed a strong relationship between the LpqH concentration in phosphate buffered saline solution and the measured peak current. The use of bio-composite offers a huge advantage in handling the nanomaterial, particularly in sequestration and separation of the target antigen from the solution, while also offering the possibility to incorporate more nanomaterials that will further enhance the sensitivity of the immunosensor. The proposed electrochemical detection methodology is promising and has strong provisions for point-of-care testing development.
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Bioengineered monoclonal antibody-chitosan-iron oxide bio-composite for electrochemical sensing of Mycobacterium tuberculosis lipoprotein (LpqH)
Published:
15 November 2023
by MDPI
in 10th International Electronic Conference on Sensors and Applications
session Chemo- and Biosensors
Abstract:
Keywords: immunosensor; chitosan-coated iron oxide; monoclonal antibody; cyclic voltammetry; bio-composite