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THE SOUNDSCAPE IN CULTURAL ECOSYSTEM SERVICES IN URBAN AREAS SURROUNDING PETROCHEMICAL COMPLEXES. CASE STUDY: PETROCHEMICAL COMPLEX "EL TABLAZO"- VENEZUELA.
* 1, 2 , 3 , 4 , 3
1  UNIVERSITAT ROVIRA I VIRGILI- ESPAÑA. Estudiante del Programa de Doctorado: Ciudad, territorio y planificación sostenible.
2  UNIVERSIDAD DEL ZULIA. VENEZUELA. Personal docente y de investigación de la Facultad de Arquitectura y Diseño.
3  UNIVERSITAT ROVIRA I VIRGILI- ESPAÑA.
4  UNIVERSIDAD DEL ZULIA. VENEZUELA.
Academic Editor: Salvador Garcia-Ayllon

Abstract:

Industrial zones have their own dynamics and overlap with other activities, generating an impact on the surrounding environment. Thus, hybrid landscapes are formed, between the industrial, the natural and the urban, characterized by a particular sound environment. Generally, the areas industrials are located in peri-urban spaces and acts as ecosystem regulators, because they contribute to reducing the impact, offering a series of environmental and cultural services. Due to their importance for the ecosystems, the soundscape of the Cultural Ecosystem Services (CES) located in areas adjacent to industrial zones is analyzed; specifically, those adjacent to the petrochemical complex El Tablazo (Los Puertos de Altagracia, Venezuela). The methodology applied is based on phenomenology and psychoacoustics and three instruments are applied: (1) Sound map (identification of sound sources and context); (2) Sound recording (soundwalking technique); (3) Survey, which collects the user's perception (identification and evaluation of sounds). Based on the results, the soundscapes of each of the spaces into which the study area is divided are characterized, recognizing the sonorous signals and marks, and their incidence in the CES. In conclusion, these spaces are defined by the coexistence between the industrial and natural landscape, a constant sound background of predominance of mechanical sources (machines, lake terminal, transport, roads) that coexist with natural sounds typical of green and blue spaces. However, the relation of sharpness and clarity of the soundscape varies according to: (1) the distance of the site from the industrial zone; (2) the numbers of sound sources and their effects on the context, resulting in pleasant or chaotic landscapes, that can limit - affect the regulatory and cultural ecosystem services; which merit differential design solutions, both the conservation and control actions, for the purpose of a positive valuation and conservation of biodiversity.

Keywords: soundscape; cultural ecosystem services (CES); public space; petrochemical complex.

 
 
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