The Chittagong district of Bangladesh is known for its mountainous terrain, which makes it particularly vulnerable to landslides. The intensifying monsoon rains, coupled with rapid urbanization, have resulted in frequent landslides in the Chittagong Metropolitan Area (CMA). Furthermore, the rising monsoon rainfall caused by climate change exacerbates the risk of landslides, leading to increased frequency and damage. To address this pressing issue, this study was conducted to assess the landslide hazards in the CMA, with a focus on the impact of different recurrent rainfall events. To achieve this, the frequency ratio (FR) method and the weight of evidence (WoE) method were chosen for the landslide susceptibility analysis. These methods were selected due to their proven effectiveness and ease of implementation. Eleven key factors that contribute to landslides were identified in the initial analysis, including curvature, slope angle, LULC, and geology, among others. The digital elevation model (DEM) and Landsat 8 satellite images were used to generate the causative factor maps in order to visualize the impact of each factor. The results obtained from the analysis indicated that the FR method was more accurate than the WoE method in predicting the susceptibility of an area to landslides. The results of the analysis indicated that 29% of the hill land in the CMA is highly susceptible to landslides, which highlights the need for effective preventative measures and risk reduction strategies. A frequency analysis of cumulative five-day rainfall events was performed using rainfall data from 2000–2021. The results showed that a 5-day rainfall of 239 mm is likely to occur annually, and the combination of return period and threshold values indicates the yearly likelihood of landslides in both high and moderate susceptibility areas. Overall, the study findings may assist engineers and designers in incorporating safety measures into ongoing development projects in the CMA to protect communities from the harmful effects of landslides. The proximity to roads and slopes was identified as having the greatest influence on landslide incidents, and these factors should be taken into consideration when implementing risk reduction strategies.