Molecularly Imprinted Polymer-modified Microneedle Array for Smart Active Triggered Drug Release

Angelo Tricase; Verdiana Marchianò; Eleonora Macchia; Luisa Torsi; Cinzia Di Franco; Gaetano Scamarcio; Sanjiv Sharma; Tony Cass; Paolo Bollella

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Molecularly Imprinted Polymer-modified Microneedle Array for Smart Active Triggered Drug Release

Angelo Tricase

^{*

1, 2},

Verdiana Marchianò

^{1, 2},

Eleonora Macchia

^{1, 2, 3},

^{2, 4},

⁵,

^{5, 6},

⁷,

⁸,

^{2, 4}

¹ Department of Pharmacy - Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70125, Bari, Italy
² Centre for Colloid and Surface Science, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70125, Bari, Italy
³ Faculty of Science and Engineering, Åbo Akademi University, 20500 Turku, Finland
⁴ Department of Chemistry, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, 70125 Italy
⁵ CNR Institute for Photonics and Nanotechnologies , c/o Department of Physics, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, 70125 Italy
⁶ Department of Physics, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, 70125 Italy
⁷ Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Swansea University, Swansea SA1 8EN, UK
⁸ Department of Chemistry and Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, London, SW7 2AZ, UK

Academic Editor: Sara Tombelli

Published: 28 May 2024 by MDPI in The 4th International Electronic Conference on Biosensors session Ingestible, Implantable and Wearable Biosensors

Abstract:

The skin, the largest organ in the human body, provides several benefits for drug delivery. These advantages stem from its expansive surface area and the avoidance of the first-pass metabolism in the gastrointestinal tract. This, in turn, enhances drug bioavailability and minimizes potential side effects [1]. Currently, transdermal drug delivery (TDD) relies on topical products or transdermal patches. However, these methods face limitations due to the physio-chemical properties that impede their permeation through the lipophilic stratum corneum (SC) and their slow diffusion rate through the skin. To overcome these challenges, microneedles (MNs) have been developed. These microneedles penetrate the SC in a minimally invasive manner, creating "micro-conduits" that facilitate the transport of drugs into the skin tissue from the skin surface [2].

Herein, we have developed a microneedle array modified with molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) able to entrap bovine serum albumin (BSA) and insulin labeled with fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC). Several MIPs based on the co-polymerization of o-phenylendiamine and gallic acid (1:1, 1:3 and 1:10) were tested in order to ensure the formation of hydrogen bonds between the polymer and the target. The target release was triggered by an electrochemical and bioelectrochemical oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) occurring at the electrode surface [3].

References

Fakhraei Lahiji, S., Kim, Y., Kang, G., Kim, S., Lee, S., & Jung, H. Tissue interlocking dissolving microneedles for accurate and efficient transdermal delivery of biomolecules. Sci. rep. 9(1), 7886 (2019).
Oliveira, D., Correia, B. P., Sharma, S., & Moreira, F. T. C. Molecular imprinted polymers on microneedle arrays for Point of Care transdermal sampling and sensing of inflammatory biomarkers. ACS omega, 7(43), 39039-39044 (2022).
Bollella, P., Sharma, S., Cass, A. E. G., & Antiochia, R. Minimally‐invasive microneedle‐based biosensor array for simultaneous lactate and glucose monitoring in artificial interstitial fluid. Electroanalysis, 31(2), 374-382 (2019).

Keywords: Molecular Imprinted Polymers, Microneedles

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