Elucidating the mechanisms allowing microorganisms to utilize xenobiotics is one of the most important fundamental tasks of modern microbiology and molecular biology. This task is of particular relevance in the context of environmental pollution by hydrocarbons and surfactants. Yeast, utilizing diesel fuel, is a promising study subject. The cell wall is the most important cellular compartment directly in contact with hydrophobic substrates. Electron microscopic and cytobiochemical research enabled us to study the features of the Candida yeast function during the utilization of a hydrophobic substrate, hexadecane. Different strategies for building colonies in a liquid medium were observed. C. albicans produced a thick layer of biofilm in the form of a ring along the edge of the flask at the phase interface. C. tropicalis formed a biofilm over the entire surface of the phase interface. C. maltosa had microspheres with neutral buoyancy measuring about 1.5 mm in size. The transfer of these cells to a medium with glucose as a carbon source led to the disintegration of the colony into single cells and the release of the extracellular matrix into the external environment. Channels,part of the complex formation of the cell wall associated with exocellular fibrillary structures,trophosomes, have been discovered. Polyphosphatase treatment and fluorescence microscopy with DAPI have shown that polyphosphates are discretely distributed in the cell wall in correlation with the location of modified sections of the cell wall in Candida, when growing on hexadecane. The content of high-molecular-weight polyphosphates in comparison with the growth on glucose has increased in C. tropicalis and C. maltosa and C. albicans. Fluorescence microscopy with DAPI showed the unusual localization of polyphosphates on the cell surface and in the composition of exovesicles in three yeast species growing on hexadecane. Electron scanning analysis has presented that exovesicles are connected to the cell wall and are arranged in chains on the cell surface and in the external environment. EDS microanalysis has displayed that the phosphorus content in vesicles is twice as high as the nitrogen content. The study of structural and functional changes in the yeast cell wall makes it possible to reveal the phenotypic potential of these eukaryotes. This is necessary for the development of biotechnologies for the disposal of various environmental pollutants.