This study focuses on the extraction and characterization of cellulose from Tibouchina lepidota (Bonpl.) Baill., a native forest species of Ecuador. Our research highlights the industrial potential of this cellulose, emphasizing its relevance in the circular economy and in carbon footprint reduction. The methodology includes botanical identification, sample pretreatment, and cellulose extraction through an alkaline process. The extracted cellulose was characterized using Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and optical microscopy, examining its morphology, structure, and solubility.

The results reveal that particle size significantly influences cellulose extraction yield, with smaller particles showing higher efficiency. Solubility tests in alkaline solutions confirmed that the extracted cellulose is of the beta type. Microscopic observations indicated a high-quality filamentous structure, with thin, long, and non-oriented filaments. This research demonstrates the viability of Tibouchina lepidota as a sustainable cellulose source, highlighting its potential for industrial applications and its contribution to more balanced and sustainable forestry management practices.

Detailed characterization by FTIR revealed significant peaks that confirm the presence of typical cellulose functional groups, such as hydroxyl groups and C-H and C-O-C bonds. These structural characteristics are essential for industrial applications, as beta-type cellulose is valued for its mechanical strength, thermal stability, and ability to form high-quality fibres and films. The extraction's feasibility was demonstrated with homogeneous and reproducible yields, suggesting that the methodology is robust and suitable for laboratory-scale studies and potential industrial applications.

This study not only expands the available cellulose source options for the industry but also promotes a more holistic and sustainable approach to natural resource management. By leveraging underutilized forest residues, Tibouchina lepidota can significantly contribute to the bioeconomy and the composite materials industry, aligning with global sustainable development goals and meeting the growing demand for renewable and eco-friendly materials.