Dendrocalamus brandisii and Dendrocalamus asper are commercially significant bamboo species within the Dendrocalamus genus, widely utilized in building and construction. To optimize their use for various purposes, it is essential to thoroughly explore and understand their properties. The present study investigates the properties of two bamboo species, Dendrocalamus brandisii and Dendrocalamus asper. The research focuses on anatomy, physical properties, their behavior towards various treatment methods, and fiber characteristics across different sections (inner, middle, and outer section of the bottom, middle, and top part) of the bamboo. The results indicate significant variations in these properties. The moisture content of these species ranged from 60.02% to 101.28%, and density values varied between 0.588 g/cm³ and 0.731 g/cm³. Volumetric shrinkage percentages were distinct, with D. brandisii exhibiting less shrinkage compared to D. asper. Round culms of both species treated with boric acid and borax showed retention values between 3.58 kg/m³ and 7.22 kg/m³ against various treatment methods such as diffusion, butt end, and pressure treatment. The fiber characteristics analysis also showed variations across different sections and parts of the bamboo and between species. These findings enhance the understanding of various properties of two important bamboo species, informing their potential for various applications in construction, manufacturing, and other industries.