Introduction: Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) are highly porous networks composed of transition metal ions or clusters coordinated with organic ligands, offering versatile chemical functionalities. While recognized as effective antibacterial agents, their potential against severe pulmonary mycobacterial diseases remains underexplored. This study investigates Zn-MOF as an adjuvant for antimycobacterial drugs, demonstrating its significant efficacy against Mycobacterium smegmatis both alone and in combination with isoniazid and rifampicin.

Methods: Zn-MOF was synthesized via solvothermal reaction using Zinc nitrate hexahydrate (Zn²⁺ ion), 4,4'- bipyridyl (bridge), diphenyl phosphinic acid (organic linker), and dimethylformamide (solvent) at 85°C for 24 hours, yielding a white powder. Physical characterization involved FTIR, Raman, and XRD analyses. Antimycobacterial activity was assessed using a Colony-Forming Unit assay on M. smegmatis, a non-pathogenic model organism to study tuberculosis, evaluating Zn-MOF alone and in combination with isoniazid and rifampicin.

Results: FTIR, Raman Spectroscopy, and XRD confirmed the formation of Zn-MOF. The CFU assay demonstrated the superior antimycobacterial activity of Zn-MOF compared to standard drugs. Remarkably, synergistic effects were observed when combined with individual and dual therapies of rifampicin and isoniazid.

Conclusion: Zn-MOF shows promise as a novel adjuvant in tuberculosis treatment. Its efficacy against mycobacteria, especially in combination with first-line drugs, suggests its potential for developing innovative drug delivery systems. Understanding its mechanism could pave the way for enhanced therapeutic strategies against tuberculosis.