Introduction:

Brain--computer interface (BCI) systems aim to transmit control commands generated through brain activity to computer applications. Mastery of BCIs generally requires special training, in which some of the users (the so-called BCI-illiterates) might be lacking. Our research paper examines the relation between the users’ individual mental rotation abilities and the effort associated with mastering motor-imagery-based BCI systems.

Methods:

The mental rotation abilities in the test subjects were assessed with a dedicated test that complies with the paradigm developed by Vandenberg and Kuse. The number of correct answers on 3D figure rotations provided during the 90 seconds allocated for the test was recorded. Subsequently, the subjects were asked to control a robotic claw arm to transfer cubes from one place to another, within the motor imagination BCI paradigm. To reflect the BCI learning effort and effectiveness, the number of cubes transferred and the average time to transfer one cube were recorded.

Results and Discussion:

We report on the positive relation between the individual mental 3D rotation abilities and the mastery of motor imagery BCI system. Then we put forward and discuss the ensuing recommendations for organizing effective and time-efficient training for this BCI-illiterate category of users. Particularly, we propose using a brain model topographic map of the subjects’ EEG to visualize the feedback during the training process.

Conclusions:

BCI illiteracy is one of the biggest challenges for the wider adoption of effective BCI systems that have the potential to improve life quality and experience for many users. The reported relation is a step forward towards both understanding the causes of this phenomenon and the design of successful training programs. One way to mitigate BCI illiteracy might be through 3D figure mental rotation training, but this necessitates further research.