The Moroccan populations of Alnus glutinosa have been established in a number of streams located in the Central and Western Rif regions. The objective of this study is to evaluate the status of natural regeneration in the distribution area of this species in relation to environmental conditions and anthropogenic factors. A total of twelve representative populations of Alnus glutinosa were selected for study. At each site, a quadrat measuring 100 m² was randomly positioned and replicated ten times. In each quadrat, the number of seedlings with different diameters was recorded, and their height was measured. Furthermore, Alnus glutinosa trees were counted, with each tree's total height and trunk circumference meticulously recorded. The impact of specific environmental factors, including the gradient of riverbanks, altitude, and vegetation cover, as well as anthropogenic pressures, such as the felling of mature trees and agricultural activities, were assessed. The density and size of the seedlings were determined. The Ksurkal–Wallis and Tau-B de Kendall tests were conducted. The results demonstrated a significant discrepancy in the natural regeneration of Alnus glutinosa between the studied sites, with a notable absence in some populations. With the exception of Tayenza, the various populations exhibited a low rate of regeneration. The Tanghaya population exhibited the highest density of seedlings, with an average of 18 per 100 m². The remaining sites exhibited an average density range of 0.2 to 12 young individuals per 100 m². Conversely, the populations at Oued Lakhemis, Ketama and Amlay exhibited a complete absence of young individuals. The majority of factors, both abiotic and anthropogenic, have affected the natural regeneration. The high slope and high and moderate altitudes promote the phenomenon of natural regeneration, as do the cover and other factors. In addition, anthropogenic pressure has a negative effect on the rate of natural regeneration.