Introduction
This study addresses the critical need for energy optimization in water distribution networks (WDNs) amidst climate change, drought, and rising energy costs. Efficient WDN management ensures sustainable water supply and reduces operational costs. The research explores the use of digital technologies, such as smart meters and 5G, to enhance real-time data acquisition and control, aiming to minimize energy consumption and improve system efficiency.
Methods
The primary objective is to develop an optimization model to reduce pump energy consumption in WDNs through strategic intermittent water supply. The methodology involves a three-step optimization process. First, a simulation of the WDN using EPANET establishes baseline energy consumption and water demand. Second, an optimization model determines the optimal water volumes to be delivered and stored at each node, considering demand patterns, tank capacities, and energy costs. Finally, the speed of centrifugal pumps is adjusted to further reduce energy consumption while maintaining the required water flows.
Results
The case study on an EPANET network shows significant improvements in energy efficiency. The optimization strategy reduces pump energy consumption by approximately 25.3% compared to the baseline simulation. By scheduling water delivery during periods of lower energy costs and adjusting pump speeds, the model achieves more efficient resource use. Implementing smart meters and digital controls allows for precise and flexible water distribution management, enhancing overall network performance.
Conclusions
This research highlights the potential of digital transformation in the water sector, emphasizing environmental, operational, and financial benefits. The proposed optimization model offers a practical solution for existing WDNs, requiring minimal structural modifications. The findings indicate significant energy savings through strategic water supply and digital technology integration. Future work will refine optimization algorithms and explore renewable energy sources to enhance the sustainability of water distribution systems.
