In personalized nutrition, we must develop dietary recommendations adapted to the specific needs humans undergo at each stage of their growth and development, considering their nutritional, health and inflammatory status, for example, chronic diseases that begin even during gestation, like cystic fibrosis. The main aim of this study was to review the current findings on the biological value of plant-based protein sources on the growth and development of children and adolescents. We conducted a literature review of articles published between January 2019 and June 2024 using electronic databases (PubMed and Google Scholar) for all publications available in English. Adequate daily protein intake in children under 19 years is crucial for their growth and development. However, in childhood, a diet very high in protein could accelerate growth and increase the risk of overweight and obesity in childhood and later on. Compared to animal-based proteins (ABPs), a PBP diet is associated with increased risks of nutrient deficiencies, especially in vulnerable groups, such as pregnant and lactating women, infants, children, adolescents, and older. Even though switching to plant-based diets is recommended to reduce the environmental burden related to livestock farming globally, it is essential to ensure an adequate amount of protein depending on each individual's characteristics, that is, age, sex, health status, illness, sociocultural factors, etc., ensuring that they receive the nine essential amino acids and appropriate supplementation with vitamins and minerals according to if they are on an ABP, PBP or mixed diet