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Synthesis and characterization of zein nanoparticles for antigen delivery
1, 2 , 2, 3 , * 2, 4
1  acultad de Ciencias Quimicas, Universidad Autonoma de San Luis Potosi, San Luis Potosi, 78210, Mexico.
2  Seccion de Biotecnologia, Centro de Investigacion en Ciencias de la Salud y Biomedicina, Universidad Autonoma de San Luis Potosi, San Luis Potosi, 78210, Mexico
3  Facultad de Ciencias Quimicas, Universidad Autonoma de San Luis Potosi, San Luis Potosi, 78210, Mexico.
4  Facultad de Ciencias Quimicas, Universidad Autonoma de San Luis Potosi, San Luis Potosi, 78210, México.
Academic Editor: Martin DSouza

Abstract:

Zein has been used in pharmaceutical applications, including the synthesis of nanoparticles applied as delivery systems for drugs and antigens. Zein nanoparticles (ZNPs) are classified as organic nanoparticles withdesirable characteristics, such as safety, biodegradability, low toxicity, and high loading capacity. The aim of this work was to obtain ZNPs by a simple and low-cost method and assess their potential as nanocarriers for the delivery of antigens, enhancing immunogenicity. ZNPs were produced by the nanoprecipitation method, showing a mean hydrodynamic size of 220 nm, a low polydispersity index (0.13± 0.15), and negative zeta potential (-8.9 ± 0.89). The adsorption-mediated antigen loading capacity of the obtained ZNPs was assessed using bovine serum albumin (BSA) as a model antigen. Different mass ratios of ZNPs: BSA were evaluated in the absorption experiments (1:0.5, 1:1, and 1:2), and samples were analyzed by TEM to determine size and particle morphology. The best adsorption efficacy was observed at a 1:2 mass ratio, with 63% efficacy, and a two-fold increase in particle size wasobserved upon BSA adsorption (424nm ± 36). To improve BSA adsorption, different adsorption buffers (Tris or Citrate buffer) at different pH values (5.5 or 7.4) were tested. The adsorption was improved using a Tris buffer at pH 5.5 during the adsorption step, while storage was set by using a Tris buffer at pH 7.4. In conclusion, a simple method to produce monodisperse ZNPs and bioconjugates based on such carriers was achieved, and its application in developing vaccine prototypes is guaranteed.

Keywords: nanoparticles; zein; antigen delivery system; adsorption
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