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Enhancing adjuvant efficacy with dispersed Ascorbyl Palmitate (ASC16)
* 1 , 2 , 1 , 3 , * 1
1  Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Instituto de Química Básica y Aplicada del Nordeste Argentino (IQUIBA)
2  Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional del Nordeste (UNNE)
3  Instituto de Química Básica y Aplicada del Nordeste Argentino (IQUIBA)
Academic Editor: Srinivasa Reddy Bonam

Published: 25 November 2024 by MDPI in The 2nd International Electronic Conference on Vaccines session Vaccine Adjuvants
Abstract:

Today, an ideal adjuvant must meet several essential criteria: it must be safe, biocompatible, and capable of directing the immune response and enhancing antigen presentation. ASC16 (GRAS and FDA Inactive Ingredients Database) is a derivative of vitamin C that can form viscoelastic hydrogels or act as a toxin inhibitor depending on whether it is present at high or low concentrations, respectively. For these reasons, we proposed to evaluate the effect of dispersed ASC16 (low concentration; Mo) as an additive in a hydrogel (high concentration; Pa40) to produce experimental antivenom. For the formation of the hydrogel, first, ASC16 (25 mg) and PEG400 solution (0.750 mL) were mixed and heated to 63 °C until complete solubilization. Then, this dispersion was cooled to 40 °C, and then it was incorporated into 0.250 mL of PBS solution with or without dispersed ASC16 (120 µM) and finally venom proteins (6-10 µg/mice). Afterward, BALB/c mice were inoculated with hydrogel in the absence or presence of additive (Pa40 and Pa40Mo). Fourteen days after the inoculation, skin and blood samples were taken for histological analysis of local injury and to determine the titre and specificity of the antibodies by ELISA and Immunoblotting tests. We used t-tests for two independent samples to verify whether there were significant differences. Our results show that Pa40Mo induced the highest titres (3.75) and had the highest Western blot signal, followed by Pa40 (3.27), with significant differences (p≤0.05). Histological analyses indicate that both formulations caused tissue alterations by the observation of regenerating muscle cells. This study shows that both formulations provide evidence of acute injury and that formulations with dispersed ASC16 as an additive induce higher antibody titres and have greater specificity than formulations without the additive. However, future studies are needed to determine the signalling mechanism of dispersed ASC16 .

Keywords: ASC16; Adjuvant; Enhancer; Hydrogel; Additive

 
 
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