Artificial intelligence (AI) has become a game-changer in advancing mRNA vaccine development, bringing unparalleled speed and efficiency to research. AI-driven tools play a crucial role in enhancing vaccine potency and stability by optimizing gene sequences. This results in vaccines that provoke stronger immune responses and are more resistant to degradation. Such progress could enhance health equity and global vaccine distribution, especially in areas lacking adequate cold storage facilities. However, integrating AI into vaccine development poses several technical, ethical and regulatory challenges. One significant hurdle is accurately identifying antigens that can trigger effective immune responses. Additionally, the swift pace of AI-driven research often surpasses current regulatory frameworks, necessitating a delicate balance between innovation and oversight. Ethical issues such as data privacy, algorithmic bias, safety, explainability and transparency in decision-making processes must be tackled to maintain public trust. Regulatory agencies are addressing these obstacles by formulating guidelines covering data authenticity, reliability, transparency,and real-world patient monitoring. A risk-based AI regulation approach is being explored, requiring robust governance structures and collaborative efforts among global regulatory bodies. While AI shows great potential in transforming mRNA vaccine development, concerted efforts are crucial to navigate challenges and ensure the safe and equitable realization of its benefits worldwide.