In recent years, escalating concerns regarding food security, the effects of climate change, and the strain on conventional water resources have compelled agriculture to investigate alternative water sources. Desalinated seawater (DSW) has emerged as a viable method for enhancing irrigation resources, especially in arid regions such as Spain and Israel, where it is increasingly embraced by farmers. Nonetheless, initial experiences in these domains demonstrate the intricate agronomic, economic, and environmental issues linked to the utilization of DSW in agriculture. The use of DSW can modify thesoil salinity and nutrient availability, requiring customized crop management strategies to maintain yields. The substantial initial investment and continuous operational expenses of desalination facilities necessitate thorough evaluation in relation to the prospective long-term advantages and cost reductions in water-scarce areas. Environmental issues are centered around the energy-intensive characteristics of desalination and the disposal of brine leftovers, which could adversely affect adjacent ecosystems if not managed sustainably. Confronting these difficulties requires novel research approaches and a comprehensive strategy for water management, incorporating sophisticated water treatment technology, optimal irrigation systems, and sustainable agricultural practices. By employing these tactics, DSW could substantially impact agriculture; however, it must be used with meticulous attention to agronomic, economic, and environmental concerns to guarantee long-term sustainability.