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Breeding for Stripe rust resistance against new aggressive pathotypes "238S119" and 46S119 in hot spot "Pyuthan" of Nepal
* 1 , 1 , 1 , 1 , 2 , 1 , 3
1  National Wheat Research Program, Nepal Agricultural Research Council (NARC), Bhairahawa, Rupandehi, Nepal
2  National Plant Pathology Research Center, Nepal Agricultural Research Council (NARC), Khumaltar, Lalitpur, Nepal
3  International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), Texcoco, Mexico
Academic Editor: Dilip Panthee

Abstract:

Stripe (yellow) rust (YR) is a major disease of wheat grown in the mid hills and river basin area, but with the incursion of new aggressive races adapted to warmer temperatures, it has migrated and spread across Terai/plains of Nepal. Formerly, the national breeding program focused on development of agro-ecological specific resistant varieties, but with the occurrence of YR aggressive races, the strategy has been changed to tackle all three rust-resistant varieties for all domains. The advanced breeding lines were evaluated in the hot spot "Pyuthan" for three consecutive years, 2021/22, 2022/23 and 2023/24, with 84, 124 and 160 entries, respectively, after the knockdown of popular wheat varieties " Sorgadwari" and "WK 1204" with aggressive race 238S119 (238E159) in 2020. The new yellow rust races "238S119" and "46S119" pose threat to national wheat production. The experiments were conducted in an augmented design. In 2021/22, out of 84 entries, 48 entries showed a resistant to moderately resistant/moderately susceptible reaction with severity value less than 30 %. Similarly, in the year 2022/23 and 2023/24, out of 124 and 160 entries, 102 and 122 entries showed resistant to moderately resistant reaction. This indicates that the national wheat breeding program has excellent genetic materials to overcome the incursion of new YR races in Nepal. The newly released biofortified wheat varieties Zinc Gahun 1, Zinc Gahun 2, Bheriganga and Himganga and the pipeline varieties NL 1446, NL 1488, NL 1179, NL 1450 and BL 5168 displayed a good level of resistance against these new aggressive races. The farmer's acceptance test (FAT) and seed multiplication of these high-yielding YR-resistant varieties were also carried out in the farmer's field to replace the popular variety "Sorgadwari", which has covered almost 80% of total area in Pyuthan. The agronomically superior varieties with around a 8-10 % grain yield advantage over "Sorgadwari" along with durable resistance to all three rusts, namely NL 1446, NL 1488, NL 1179 and BL 5168, are the pipeline varieties to be released in the near future for the mid-hill ecology of Nepal.

Keywords: breeding; resistance; pathotype; stripe rust; wheat

 
 
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