The integration of cover crops and no-tillage practices is gaining attention due to its potential to improve soil health and sustainability in agricultural systems. This study investigated the impact of cover crops and no tillage on soil organic carbon (SOC) in sandy soils, which are typically low in organic matter and prone to erosion. A field experiment was conducted over two growing seasons in a traditional olive orchard located in a semi-arid region in central eastern Tunisia. Legume-seeded (faba bean, vetch, and fenugreek) and non-tilled plots were compared with conventionally plowed plots.

The results demonstrated that cover crops and no tillage significantly increased SOC levels in the 0-30 cm soil depth and exhibited significantly higher enzymatic and microbial activity than the control plots. This increase in SOC was attributed to the aggregation of organic residues from cover crops and reduced soil disturbance, which enhanced microbial activity and carbon sequestration. Cover crops and no tillage also improved soil structure, reduced erosion, and increased water retention, contributing to overall soil health.

Consequently, the integration of cover crops and no tillage in sandy soils can effectively enhance SOC levels, promote sustainable agricultural practices, and mitigate climate change. Future research should focus on the long-term impacts and optimization of cover crop species and management practices for different soil types and climatic conditions