Neglected and underutilized species (NUS) offer a promising avenue to tackle challenges posed by climate change while providing biofunctional compounds beneficial for human health. These plants, either never fully domesticated or underrepresented within mainstream agriculture, hold vast potential to diversify food systems and enhance agricultural resilience.
This work highlights examples of NUS, comprising traditional varieties, studied under projects HortNext and SOLECO for their valorization. Investigations included morphological, genetic, and chemical characterization, as well as assessing tolerance to environmental stressors like salinity. Efforts also integrated collaborations with farmers and consumers to ensure the practical applicability and market acceptance of these crops. The results in these projects revealed that NUS demonstrates robust tolerance to abiotic stressors, including drought and salinity. Furthermore, these plants were rich in biofunctional compounds like glucosinolates, phenols, and antioxidants. For example, specific studies on COMAV’s cauliflower collection identified genotypes with unique glucosinolate profiles and partitioning beneficial for pest resistance. A weed like wall rocket (Diplotaxis tenuifolia) showcased high phenol levels with a spicy flavour, supporting its potential domestication and use for salads. The consumer acceptance of different NUS has been also tested with consumer panels which affirmed positive perceptions on traditional varieties.
NUS and landraces are invaluable for developing resilient agricultural systems and promoting dietary diversity. Despite their potential, challenges remain, including germplasm recovery, understanding functional properties, integration into modern agriculture, and market promotion. Addressing these hurdles through collaborative research, farmer involvement, and consumer education can unlock the full potential of these crops. Projects like HortNext and SOLECO exemplify the strides being made to achieve sustainable, resilient, and healthy horticulture in a changing climate.
